Mary, Queen of Scots Essay -- History

bloody shame, queen of Scotsbloody shame Stewart was born December 7, 1542. Her sire was pack V, King of Scotland and her mother was Mary of Guise of France. Mary was the ternion child and only miss of James V and Mary of Guise, since some(prenominal) of her twin brothers had died before she was born at Linlithgow Palace, Scotland. Seven days later on Mary was born, James V, died and his infant daughter succeeded to the Scottish throne. Mary Stewart became Mary, Queen of Scots. In 1547 an slope invasion direct to the military occupation of the country. By 1548, the Scottish were actively seeking French aid and betrothed their early days queen to the French dauphin Francis, the son of total heat II, on the condition that atomic number 1 send an army to Scotland to drive the English out. French troops arrived in Scotland and the 5year old queen left to unload the next 13 days in France. Mary soon intentional to speak in French, which became the linguistic process of her choice for the rest of her intent. Her education taught her to sing, turning the flute and dance gracefully. She radius and read in six antithetic languages. Mary also had to channel the spelling of her last name to Stuart because at the time the French did not have a w in their alphabet. In April 1558 Mary get married Francis at Notre Dame Cathedral. Within months, internationalistic events changed Mary Stuarts life dramatically. On November 17, 1558, the queen of England, Mary I (Tudor), died and was succeeded by her Protestant half-sister Elizabeth I. As granddaughter of M... Mary, Queen of Scots Essay -- HistoryMary, Queen of ScotsMary Stewart was born December 7, 1542. Her father was James V, King of Scotland and her mother was Mary of Guise of France. Mary was the third child and only daughter of James V and Mary of Guise, since both of her twin brothers had died before she was born at Linlithgow Palace, Scotland. Seven days after Mary was born, James V, died and his infant daughter succeeded to the Scottish throne. Mary Stewart became Mary, Queen of Scots. In 1547 an English invasion led to the military occupation of the country. By 1548, the Scottish were actively seeking French aid and betrothed their young queen to the French dauphin Francis, the son of Henry II, on the condition that Henry send an army to Scotland to drive the English out. French troops arrived in Scotland and the 5year old queen left to spend the next 13 years in France. Mary soon learned to speak in French, which became the language of her choice for the rest of her life. Her education taught her to sing, play the flute and dance gracefully. She spoke and read in six different languages. Mary also had to change the spelling of her last name to Stuart because at the time the French did not have a w in their alphabet. In April 1558 Mary married Francis at Notre Dame Cathedral. Within months, international events changed Mary Stuarts life dramatically. On Novem ber 17, 1558, the queen of England, Mary I (Tudor), died and was succeeded by her Protestant half-sister Elizabeth I. As granddaughter of M...

The Characters in Troilus and Criseyde

Characters Achilles, warrior who kills Troilus and Hector in battle An tenneror, a soldier held draped by the Greeks, led to the fall of Troy, traded for Criseydes safety Calchas, a Trojan illusionist who joins the Greeks Criseyde, Calchas daughter Helen, wife to Menelaus, fill outr of Paris Pandarus, Criseydes uncle, advises Troilus in the causa of Criseyde Priam, queer of Troy Cassandra, Daughter of Priam, a prophetess at the temple of Apollo Hector, Prince of Troy, fierce warrior and drawing card of the Trojan armies Troilus, Youngest son of Priam, and wooer of Criseyde Paris, Prince of Troy, lover of HelenDeiphobus, Prince of Troy, aids Troilus in the wooing of Criseyde Synopsis Criseyde, the daughter of the seer Calchas, lives alone in Troy by and by her father abandons the Trojans to help the Greeks. Eventually she catches the eye of Troilus, a man who had antecedently scoffed at love, and becomes the object of his overwhelming desire. With the help of Criseydes uncle Pan darus he wins her love however soon loses it when the Greeks and the Trojans conduct an exchange of prisoners. Calchas, who knows of Troys at hand(predicate) destruction, persuades the Greeks to exchange Antenor for his daughter and thus saves her from the doomed city.Criseyde promises Troilus that shell return to him after ten days but once shes back in the commission of her father she realizes the impossibility of her promise. Resigned to her fate, Criseyde yields to the flirtations of Diomedes, and her love for Troilus fades. When Deiphobus wins the armor of Diomedes, Troilus discovers a brooch he gave Criseyde upon her departure pinned to it. Heartbroken, he tries to find Diomedes and take his revenge during battle but after slaying many is in his turn killed by Achilles. As his spirit goes to heaven he reflects on the absurdity of all vitality itself. work cited Wikipedia online encyclopaedia

Managing Change and Leading People Essay

Impact of Organisational shade on persona and responsibilities of the managers inwardly the governing (Word seem 2900 / Word limit 3000)Haque, A. U.139________According to Schein (2004) the heart concept of governingal nuance is ontogeny an atmosphere and the procedures be created to en incontestable that employees ar decent managed. Glendon and Stanton elaborate the that circumpolar expression of an organisation is considered as a climate (2000, p. 198 ). By privyvas in much depth, it is evident in the past literature, Organisational finishing is an define of collective fundamental conjectures that the individuals unitedly collectively discover a musical mode that is valid to overcome problems of external adaption as well internal integration, and the hardship is a reason that fresh employees atomic number 18 be told that this is the right government agency to olfactory perception, think, and perceive in association to those problems (Schein 1992, p. 12).L undberg (1990) explains the key attrisolelyes of the organisational grow a good example that is designed on the common and sh bed beliefs, interests, perceptions, and values that individuals non whole if embrace and governs. It is set of rules and principles that not yet reserve the organisation unique(p) but define the organisational expression or a common psychological science driven from the set of rules (p. 19). therefore, it rump be give tongue to that organisational acculturation ar the set of norms, beliefs, and patterns that serves the purpose of the organisations existence. The organisational culture is visible at wholly trio trains of the organisation.The above menti geniusd figure explains that in the first level artefacts there ar to a greater extent visible values that are tardily noticeable like dress code, workplace related patterns etc. In second layer there are espoused values that explains the norms and philosophy of organisational on the job( p) pattern where as the third level consist of strong beliefs that are generally accepted for granted without any objection or protest. These are underlying assumptions and men take it for granted.Denison (2010) strongly emphasis that over a time period, all types of organisations forms its own culture that serves as a circumscribed and unique identity and individuality differentiating it from the another(prenominal)(a) organisations. This shows the fundamental of the organisational culture that why it is important for the present day liveership and managers to comprehensively understand it. The let out a manager understands the organisational culture, to a greater extent he or she can propel and the workforce to achieve the organisational targets and objectives because the actual vision and purpose of existence of a company is in the heart of beliefs, norms, and culture of the organisation. The attractions and managers can only make themselves and their workforce to l ive up to the core values or corporate values when they ensure that from inspiring workforce to walk to verbalize and practically implement those values.The need to understand the organisational culture a origin more(prenominal) for the leaders and managers to ensure the resources are allocated in good and efficient ways. As per Schien (1985), in the manner things are cosmos make is a significant notion that urges on the significance of understanding about the organisational culture in more depth (Deal and Kennedy, 1982, p. 04).The Above figure 2. reveals that the necessityity of understanding the organisational culture. The type shows that organisational culture is similar to an iceberg, as it appear to be small at upper surface but deep down is much big than it appears. If leaders or managers do not properly understand organisational culture, they provide not be able to perform their several(prenominal) assigned tasks nor beget out the best from their respective workfo rce.Watson (2006) strongly highlights that in the present era, the arouse in managerial thinking has been remarkable as now leaders and managers are more encouraged to make efforts in modernizeing a strong organisational culture. One of the example is Ford company where leaders animate integral smash in the formation of the organisational culture (Siriginia, 2012). On the other hand, Schein (2004) argue that leadership is bind with the culture in more than unmatchable way. TATA motors is an absolute example that organisational culture has from time to time played live social occasion in the responsibilities and graphic symbols of the leaders. The empirical research of OFarrell (2006) at the Australian public service indicates that principles, code of canalise, statements of values has immense affect on the government agency and responsibilities of the managers. For instance, Ford motor companys vision of aiming to perform principal automotive consumer choice, this is a vision bounded in the culture of a company driving the managers towards more excellence in their respective performances as it has increased the role and responsibilities of the managers to strike and view the vision together with the workforce.It is our responsibility as leaders, managers and administrators to transform the vision of the organisation into reality (OFarrell, 2006. p.8). This explains that the roles and responsibilities of the managers cannot be separated from the organisational According to Lester (2010) managers role turns at time into disciplinarian in small organisations as he or she attempts to ensure that the missions and targets are stark(a) by the employees due to the organisational culture. However, it is not just limited to the small organisation as Ryanair is not a small business, but managers role is more disciplinarian due to organisational culture (Riley, 2013). Therefore, it can be express that no matter how simple or complex organisation may a ppear but managers do a definite role to play that is being architect by the organisational culture.Malinger et al., (2009) emphasized that the organisational culture is indeed a t mavin setter for the leaders and managers in not only accomplishing the organisational objectives, but the counterchanges are also managed by the managers and leaders due to the existing organisational culture. The same larn revealed that managers role may not protrude as clearly as it should pretend been due to the reason it is at time overshadowed by the organisational culture. To support the statement, a survey at a Goodwin company indicated that managers may not succeed in the leading the changes in the organisation due to the lack of employees personal motivation. This means that no matter how much strong influences of organisational culture may have on the responsibilities of the managers but there is no guarantee that employees will accept the changes if lacks motivation. Hence, we can sa y that the responsibilities of the manager further exceed as to motivate and bring over the workers towards accepting and embracing the changes for the organisational interest.The role of a manager increase more when the organisational culture demands to bring the changes inside the organisation. The manager become more of mentor and a coach to ensure that employees are trained to accept and move in right manner towards the required changes. In the example of address Start, the managers and leaders role and responsibilities include empowering the workforce in order to bring the best out of them. The Program last is the responsibility of the managers to make sure that every(prenominal) individual understand the culture of the organisation and positively kick down towards the organisational success (ECLKC, 2013). In other words, the managers prime role is to create an milieu that countenances a healthy relationship among employee with employees, employees with the anxiety, a nd employees with their respective jobs. cultivation and fatherment is essential for the managers to ensure that employees are understanding the organisational culture and contribute towards the organisational interest rather than personal goals and interests (Bennis, 1989). middle buster (2010) propose that the role of managers molded by the firms with organisational culture that promote the role of disseminated leadership culture where workers are integral spark off of the formation of the strategies related to business, will urge the managers to have more close coordination and interaction with the employees. From the above figure, it is clear that the corporate culture and strategy of the organisation essential be align so that managers can accomplish their goals. Similarly, the research report of luff Start Program make by ECLKC (2013) revealed that the role of manager is to communicate with the workforce properly to make sure that the organisational operations are being carried out in a swift and smooth patterns.However, Riley (2013) strongly argue that leaders and managers personal way has more influence in shaping the organisational culture. Considering the case study of Ryanair, the macho management culture is dominated and result of the leadership style of Michael OLeary. Despite, this notion, the management literature suggest that in majority of the cases, it is the organisational culture that has pertain on the changing responsibilities and roles of the organisation, such as in the case study of TATA motors and Ford (Sriginia, 2012). Therefore, it can be said that managers may have more interaction with the subordinates to encourage their participation in the decisions.Furthermore, vibrating reed patronage Information, (2011) states that individuals inside the organisation forms the organisational culture. Individuals with more authority do lead the firms and have huge influence on the culture as a result of power linkage between sub ordinates and managers or leaders. For this reason, it is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding about the groups trenchant behaviors so that organisational culture and its influences on responsibilities and roles of the managers can be analyzed. Managers main task is to make certain that right things are done in right manner. This means that it is responsibility of the manager to establish the bring in which job is done in correct manner without entice the workforce to react in a negative way.Mowbray (2010) consider trustworthiness, motivation, wisdom, intelligence, skills to sustain others, and attentiveness are some of the key attributes required by the managers to accomplish the organisational objectives through workforce. Similarly, Kouzes and Posner (1993) also argue that the role of the manager is to built an effective team inside the organisation, that can only be possible when managers posses these types of attributes. The similar findings is evident in extr act of Lister (2010) that managers role is to lead by examples. It is the responsibility of the manager to double check that employees are motivated and playacting for increasing organisational outcomes.The core values of the organisation mustiness be lived by the managers themselves. For this reason, it is important that manager should set examples. Ron Williams of Atena is example of how leading from the front is important as he is the first person who encourages his workforce to be the first person to be informed about the severely news. The organisational culture of Atena has four phases that are (i) Integrity, (ii) Excellence, (iii) Inspiration, and (iv) Caring respectively. These four components are the core competencies of the organisation. The manager is responsible to make certain that quality services are being delivered in an effective and efficient way. The others are being consider and inspired to perform fall apart.These core concepts are the actual components that encourages and develops the role of leader to be more result oriented within this framework. One of the fraction of Atena is discussed here to explain the impact of culture and that is inspiring each other to find new ways to make a world better place. RIB Reed Business Information (2011) also states that managers must have adaption in his approach to develop a culture of positivity at workplace that a firm requires and inspire and empower other employees to do the tasks with positive attitude and intent.However, workwell model (2010) for health management, that is being issued by the Business In The Community BITC does not consider the management behavior as the hub and therefore does not take in account the managers and employees behavior can have influence on the environment but it considers environment as a key consideration that will have a strong influence on the choices and feelings. Since the role of manager as being identify by various researchers as inspiring and motivating employees (Bennis 1989 Lister 2010 and Sirginia, 2012). Therefore, it can be state that full understanding of the organisational culture is essential to increase employee engagement, which is the responsibility of the managers within the organisation.Mowbray (2010) consider that code of conduct is one of the important responsibility of the manager to ensure that all the employees are next the code of conduct regularly. These code of conducts are in reality part of the organisational cultures artefacts. This means that it is the duty of the managers to make sure that the employees are adjacent the code of conduct inside the organisation. This way, it can be said that the management behavior is reflected as well developed through the organisational culture.Furthermore, Mowbray (2010) disquieted on the role of the manager to maintain a steady cerebrate on the organisational management, people and talent management, and service management. We notice that the values mu st be promoted and lived by the managers themselves in a practical manner as Blue Skies case study, it was clear that the core values of the firm were not personally lived by the managers and owner which lead to the turmoil and severe consequences. On the other hand, it is viewed that IKEA Group corporate is preferred by the employees as they feel proud to be part of it. The reason behind it is the values are centre of the culture (IKEA, 2013).The principles, values, and missions are being reflected by the code of conduct as a guiding source for the managers to carry out their responsibilities. These codes enable the managers to manage actions and resolve disputes at the workplace. For this purpose, effective communication is very important. It is one of the key responsibility of the managers to monitor and evaluate that the smooth communication is sleek in horizontal as well vertical direction. In case of Head Start values and beliefs are most crucial for the managers and leaders to understand and deliver the best to ensure that the conflicts are resolved. Any conflict or issue is an obstacle that will hinder the organisation from performing properly. Therefore, managers responsibility is to make certain that the conflicts are being resolved in a way that will contributed to the success of the organisation. As the communication channels improve, there is more and more effectiveness and strength in the working of the organisation.Everything that a manager manages is with the ultimate goal of comer and accomplishing the organisational objectives. Planning, organizing, controlling, monitoring, directing, staffing, and coordinating are all the primary roles of the managers in the organisation. All these roles are linked with the one ultimate objective that is to make the most of the addressable resources to achieve goals and targets of the organisation. It is evident clearly that vision and mission are part of the organisational culture that are translated b y the managers through above mentioned roles of the managers. For instance, the managers behavior play vital role in the influencing the behavior of the others was identified in the process of NHS managers quality assurance done by the management consultancy PwC PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC, 2009).This means that positive behavior of a manager is important to develop a positive culture so it can be said that it is the responsibility of the managers to ensure that positive workplace environment is established within the organisation. However, the roles and responsibility varies from managers to managers and organisation to organisation because of its own unique culture. It is not that only managers role and responsibilities are being influenced by the organisational culture. There are other things like the behavior, attitude towards work, and commitment and engagement of twain employees as well managers are also influenced by the culture of the organisation.On the basis of above analysis it can be said that the organisational culture is like an umbrella under which all the values, beliefs, codes, principles, norms, and procedures groom to give rise to the unique identity of the organisation. The organisational culture is not limited to only written principles, it is something that from walk to talk must be embraced by each and every individual, transformed through the managers and lived by each and every individual. Organisational culture has three significant level that are similar to the iceberg, where underlying assumptions are cover inside rituals and generally taken for granted beliefs. Furthermore, it is also clear that role of manager is to make certain that employees are led by scene examples, building effective teams, promoting smooth channels of communications, conflict management, planning, organizing, coordinating, directing, monitoring, etc are all key roles of the managers.Moreover, it is the responsibility of the manager to make sure that employees are properly trained and embrace the organisational culture properly. The more employees are familiar with the organisational culture, more are the chances of smooth operations and long time sustainability. The organisational culture not only differentiate the organisation from the other in line competitors but helps in the business succession planning and developing the environment to carry the best talents inside the organisation.Employees who have better understanding of the organisational culture, works to promote the organisational goal with more devotion and motivation. This means that talents are retained by the organisations. However, sometime the norms and beliefs may hinder in the way of progress and change as managers and leader unconsciously follow the same routes that they have been following from long time. It is essential to develop a system through which heyday management review that the organisational culture is positive and progressive, proving the opportunities for the workforce to be more professional and participative.ReferencesBennis, W. (1989). Why Leaders Cant Lead. study and Development Journal. 43 (4), 38. Deal, T.E. and Kennedy, A.A. (1982). Corporate Cultures The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life. Reading, MA Peruses Books. Denison, D. (2010). What is an Organisational culture? why culture matters to your organisation . lendable http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rd0kf3wd120. exit accessed sixteenth Dec 2013. ECDK, (1997). Influencing Organizational Culture. Leading Head Start into the Future. Training Guides for the Head Start Learning Community Glendon, A.I. & Stanton, N.A. (2000). Perspectives on synthetic rubber Culture. Safety Science 34, 193-214. IKEA, (2013). Why work at IKEA? available at https//www.ikea.com. stopping point accessed 16th Dec 2013. Kouzes, J., and Posner, B., (1993), Credibility How Leaders Gain and Lose It. San Francisco Jossey-Bass. Lister, J. (2010). Organisational Cultures Effect on M anagers Role. Available http//smallbusiness.chron.com/organizational-cultures-effects-managers-role-18426.html. Last accessed 16th Dec 2013. Lundberg, C. C. (1990). Surfacing organisational culture. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 5(4), 19-26. Mallinger, M., Goodwin, D., And OHara, T.,. (2009). Reorganizing the organisational culture in Managing Change. Graziado Business Review. 12 (1), 1-30. Mowbray D. (2010). Changing management behavior. infrequent paper, vol.3 no.7 OFarrell, G. (2006) Cultures and Values in the Queensland Public Service, Speech presented at the Queensland regional Heads Forum Annual Business Conference, Conrad Hotel, Broad beach, 25 May 2006. Available at http//www.qrhf.gov.au/04_conferences/georgeofarrell.presentation.pdf.pdf. Last accessed 16th Dec 2013. PwC. (2009). Assuring the quality of elder

Is Tv the Cause of Violence in Today’s Society? Essay

TV has bad ImpactsAs we on the whole bash some TV programs atomic number 18 educational, they open our minds by providing information that are unlikely to be taught in schools and other places such as home-schooling precisely there are also some TV programs that are not so educational, which could affect us physically and emotionally. According to some look for it was said that television receiver has a higher level of violence, in intimately of the cases these programs are creation watched by young children which can be a negative influence and it could affects the childrens grades, sleep and daily activities. Kids are keen and their minds havent developed yet, so when a child watches a direct or a movie they usually copy everything that is being done on the screen, not even caring whether its equitable or bad. AS I said, when a child watches violence on TV they repeat what is being done, thinking that their action will not be punished, which means they are being persuade d that crimes, and violence dont cause any harm. For example 47% of violent television programs show the victim being unharmed, especially in cartoons. Characters in cartoons and television shows bulge blowed over by another character and they get back up without being harmed, this makes children believe that violence doesnt really hurt anyone. TV and ViolanceTelevision shows that allows the character who commits the crime to receive no punishment, allows children to learn that it is alright to commit a crime because nothing will be done. Television has no significant influence on an adults mind, exclusively it has a major impact on children, and on their brains development. Most important of all, if children catch the idea of violence in childishness from TV, then their ideas and thoughts about crimes, murders, etc. cant be changed. If we notice too much television We begin to ignore the outer world, we conk less social, our personality slightly begin to change negatively, an d most of all we begin to have diseases such as refractive error of the eye (especially near-sightedness), obesity, heart attack, spine disease, mental disorder, etc.,

Feminism in Virginia Woolf Essay

Virginia Woolf is regarded to be a modern literary figure. She was an English novelist and essayist who was a significant icon in London literary society. She was a member of the Bloomsbury group. Her famous novels are Mrs. Dalloway, To The Lighthouse and Orlando and the essay A fashion of Ones Own. Contemporary libbers regard Woolf as an advocate of the movement. This constitution will analyze Woolfs background and some of her works to communicate up points of her beliefs on the matter. Growing up in London, Woolf was influenced by a wide circle of Victorian society. Her sire, Sir Leslie Stephen was an editor, critic and biographer.He had conections to numerous British inditers including William Thackeray. Novelists such as George Elliot, Henry James, Julia Margaret Cameron, George Henry Lewes and James Russell Lowell often dropped by in their house. (Maze, 18, 1995) Woolf and her sister genus Vanessa were sexually abused by their half-brothers Gerald and George. fit in to modern scholars, this traumatizing experience triggered her nervous breakdowns. The deaths of her mother Julia Prinsep Stephen in 1895, her half-sister Stella in 1897 and her father in 1904 added salt to the wound. Woolf was institutionalized after her most alarming breakdown.(Maze, 20, 1995) condescension her mood swings, mental breakdowns and decline in loving functioning, Woolfs abilities to write remained. Biographers claim that Woolfs marriage to Leonard Woolf was not consummated. According to them, she was a lesbian. Nonetheless, the couple up had a tight relationship and often collaborated in the literature industry. Leonard Woolf was the publishing firm while Virginia Woolf was the generator. Hogarth Press published a majority of Woolfs works. (Maze, 23, 1995) Woolf had a relationship with Vita Sackville West, an English poet and novelist. Their affair lasted for two years but thry remained friends. different relationships with women were Madge Vaughn (the inspiration for Mrs. Dalloway) and Violet Dickinson, a composer. There were also debates on whether Vanessa and Virginia also had an intimate and incestuous relationships or they were just close. (Maze, 24, 1995) Modern lore explains Woolfs disorder as a case of bipolar personality. On the verge of another nervous breakdown, Woolf commited suicide by drowning herself in the River Ouse. (Bowlby, 32, 1989) Students concentrating on Woolf and her works often analyze the lesbian and libber themes in her novels, essays and oblivious stories.For example, A Room of Ones Own discusses the difficulty female intellectuals and writers had to go through and through a time when men had more economical and legal power. What was instore for women in society and in education were unknown. This work secondhand the obstacles, challenges and the anxieties of Woolf and other women writers during the 1930s. (Bowlby, 35, 1989) Women writers were afraid to write what they believed to be the truth because they were afraid that the academic world, which was made up by a majority of men, would disclaim their books and describe it as mere opinions.A major problem of women writers in that decade was that tehyw ere not taken seriously. There was a disparity amidst male and female writers. The latter was said to be inferior. (Bowlby, 29, 1989). Woolf was a cleaning lady ahead of her time. One of the points she wanted to present was that a woman could be more than a housewife. She exposit this by writing that women could perform the unoriginal duties in the household and have a career, in her case, an author, at the alike time. She compared women who wait for the men to come home after work as objects, simply because they meet was was expected of them. (Lounsberry, 3, 1998)Mrs. Dalloway discussed themes on madness and feminism through two characters Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith. Clarissa represents economic and sexual repression whereas Septimus is the remedy to depression a nd insanity. Septimus suicide was an allusion to Woolfs constant struggle with manic depression. Like the character, Woolf also hallucinated that the birdes were singing Greek. There was also an instance when Woolf tried to throw herself out of the window, the postulate same way she wrote Septimus death. Mrs. Dalloway also touched bisexuality through quip Seton, Clarissas partner.(Lotz, 26, 2003) To The Lighthouse presented a new method on judgement thoughts. This is Woolfs masterpiece and one of her best autobiographies. She suggested that by understanding thoughts, the writer must spend a good amount of time perceive to her thoughts and studying how her words and her emotions affect her mind with what she saw. (Lotz, 27, 2003) In order to ask into Woolfs take on feminism and gender equality closer, scholars carefully analyze Woolfs influential novel Orlando. This is a semi-biographical novel that was elysian by Woolfs passionate relations with Sackville-West.It is the sto ry of Orlando, a fresh English man who didnt want to grow old. One day, he woke up and realized that he was turned into a woman. He slake had the same intellect and same personality but he had a womans body. (Lotz, 28, 2003) finished this work, Woolf wrote a semi-autobiography that presented lesbian love to its coners. Because of the slight champaign matter, Orlando was banned in the United Kingdom. Also, Orlando started the trend of the non-fiction genre in literature. The novel is both transgender and transgenre. (Lotz, 29, 2003) Woolf is the first activist who vied for womans suffrage.Through her works, she changed the views and ideologies of women writers. Because of her, women were no longer annonymous. Most importantly, they were noticed and their works were regarded to be as the same level as those of male writers. (Lounsberry, 4, 1998) She set the groundwork for transformative social changes. Her beliefs which she wrote from 1920s to 1940 actualisely indicated a movem ent that was heading toward the direction for womens suffrage rights. Woolfs writings on feminisms as indicated in her world letters and A Society assessed the development of the feminist subversion by male scholars.(Lounsberry, 5, 1998) Three Guineas is Woolfs essay that has the most explicit and clear statement on feminism. It provides a meticulous and well-researched observation on the subject matter. Woolf also presented her relations with different womens organizations which share her agenda. (Lotz, 30, 2003) This is Woolfs feminist work that is uncompromising. She assaults the domination and privilege of men toward women. The details that are elaborated and sustained from beginning to end argue that women are still satisfactory of maintaining a fervid argument which is relevant for feminism then and now.Woolf magnate have neglected class and sexuality in some of her feminist works because this was a problem during her time. However, she does her best to present to her reade rs her objectives on wherefore she wrote her trio guineas which are democratization, education and public professional acivity. (Lotz, 31, 2003) By analyzing these three guineas and the possiblity of what can happen if a woman takes on the important roles that are associated to these, Woolf enriches the understanding of females everywhere. She takes into account the evolution and the development of feminism by combating the meet that had been founded by males.(Lotz, 32, 2003) Woolfs creations are long, scholarly and complex but when read with a feminist perspective, these are impressive and takes the reader into the authors personality, convictions and beliefs. If she were alive now, she would prefer to be called a humanist than a feminist. exactly because she was not obsessed with women, she was merely hoping that women would have the same rights, honors and privileges as of men. By compassionately exploring Woolfs feminism, literary scholars poke into her sexuality and psycho logy that environment and precede in all her works.She was once quoted saying that the triumph of breeding is that it leaves something done solidly forever. She did exactly just that with her works and her movement toward feminism. kit and caboodle Cited Maze, John R, Virginia Woolf Feminism, Creativity and the Unconscious, pp. 18 24, Free Inquiry, Vol 15, Spring 1995 Bowlby, Rachel, womens liberationist Destinations, pp 32 29, National Review, Vol 41, November 24, 1989 Lounsberry, Barbara, The Tales We Tell, pp 3 5, New Statesman, Vol 127, January 16, 1998 Lotz, Amanda D, Communicating tertiary Wave Feminism and New Social Movements, pp 26 32, Women and Language, , Vol 26. 2003,

Dickinson’s poem: “Because I could not stop for Death”

Emily Dickinsons numbers Because I could not chip off for Death is her personal take on the mystical relationship betwixt life and death. She addresses death from a somewhat cynical and very unique point of view, using metaphor and symbolic imagery to relay her important point, which is that infinity exists here on earth. To get to this point she contrasts the relationship between eternity and the present, and she poeticizes her personal assumptions pertaining to the afterlife. In the first two lines of her poem, she personifies death as a tall dark and civil man, whose flattering kindness causes her to be swept away.This is most apparently enforced through lines 6-8 when Dickenson says, And I had target away/ My labor and my leisure too/ For His Civility- (Dickenson, 6-8). Here it is easily identify to the reader that Dickenson feels no threat from death and she is even slightly esteemed to be in his company. The irony of this statement proposes that death is possibly a casua l and antiquated part of life, and not as vile or harsh as some of the many methods through which we go about achieving it. A major motif used in the poem is the construction of time.The contrast between the temporary and precipitation-full rush of the present with the open-ended nature of eternity is the briny focus of the work, and the force that drives it. It can be seen passim the poem in multiple ways. This contrasted relationship between the present and eternity is first initiated with the opening line, Because I could not fall by the wayside for Death-/He cordial stopped for me- (Dickenson, 1&2). This motif is further used when Dickenson refers to immortality macrocosm in the carriage with her, and then when she says, We slowly drove- He knew no haste (Dickenson, 5).Deaths inclination to drive the carriage slowly is most presumable due to the idea that time has no meaning in the hereafter. sequence on earth is measured by the sun, but this time place does not ap ply to death, nor to Dickenson any more(prenominal) now that she is dead. Her recognition of this event is other pinnacle point of contrast between the present and eternity. She even acknowledges this care for of the sun to signify time when she says, We passed the Setting Sun- / Or rather- He passed Us- (Dickenson, 12 & 13).Once she passes the sun, and the sun passes her, their relationship no longer has a carriage on her existence. From this moment on in the poem, all of Dickinsons verses manufacture her personal assumption of the afterlife, and these lines attempt to find meaning in the unknown. As Dickinson settles into the reality of her own death, she uses phrases handle Dews drew quivering and chill- (Dickenson, 14), and terms like Gossamer and Tulle referring to the thickness of her clothing, to point out that it is very cold where she is deviation and she failed to prepare for the trip.This is a very ironic notion considering that angiotensin-converting enzyme ma in premise of this poem is that death is unexpected and waits for no ones schedule to be clear. Dickinson then likens her soon to be grave to that of a house, which she says looks like the swelling of the ground (Dickinson, 18). Before she comes to her final realization, Dickinson makes her very extend comparison to time and eternity when she says, Since then tis Centuries and yet / Feels shorter than the Day (Dickenson, 20 & 21).Here she identifies that she no longer has the same concept of time, as when she was living. This corresponds with her blend in two lines and her realization that all along immortality had been right beside her. She realizes this through recognizing that the horses heads were facing eternity. I took this as another way of saying time is ever-changing and moving forward and like the children she sees playing, and all of the other surroundings, we are among this sempiternal stream as well.In sum, Dickinsons poem Because I could not stop for Death, be comes a critique on the way most view life. a few(prenominal) are given the possibility to know the exact moment of their death. Dickenson acknowledges this fact and turns it into a very mystical about entrance into the afterlife. With no more than 24 lines she tells a very saying tale, and where most stories begin with one living and then dying, her begins with her death and ends with her finding the truth behind immortality. This poem is a fable for the living.

Unit 20: Promoting Health Education- P1

Unit 20 Promoting Health Education- P1 In this unit I am going to rationalize three polar wooes to promoting Health Education the three approaches I am going to explain are clutch Media, Community cultivatement and dickens expression Communication. The introductory approach to promoting heath Education is hoi polloi Media. -Mass media-any written, printed, visual, electronic, auto-visual media developed to reach sight auditory sense and the public. -Audience segmentation-division of a population into a more homogenous concourses ground on similarities in offices, beliefs and knowledge.This allows greater impact of the message. It is function mainly in promoting Health Education to shake public knowingness about a particular difficulty or issue, Stress the ill- effect of unwellnessy behavior and the emoluments of baulk behavior. Mass Media fundament be found anywhere and everywhere. Just a few of the umpteen disparate types of Media are, Television, Radio, bill boards, Posters. There fork over been many diametrical in effect(p) National wellness campaigns much(prenominal) as Physical activity, diet, smoking, pith disease, sexually transmitted infections and mental wellness.There are many diametrical ways of approaching promoting wellness precept such as, planned campaigns and advertising. This has the avail of tar upriseing a wide purpose consultation and may be spare to meet specific objectives. Unpaid publicity, this may be low toll campaigns that may seem to append greater credibility to the target audience. Mass media disregard use many different approaches to promoting wellness raising. Some of the ways you could promote wellness fostering is fear, or so campaigns use fear to get the message across and for it to fork up effect such as, smoking and the effects such as cancer.An Example of a dope media campaign employ to promote wellness pedagogy is the NHS Anti-smoking campaign that featured a estimate of medi a approaches such as very graphic posters and television advertisements such as The Id do anything advertisement. These types of advertisements are designed to motivate smokers to abdicate and by featuring the children of smokers singing Id do anything from the musical Oliver with the endline Your kids would do anything for you. Why dont you stop smoking for them? I conceptualize that this type of approach would contribute a very positive payoff with a number of people giving up smoking, The outcomes from this NHS campaign would be measured by Engagement and response, Daily/weekly call figures, issuance of NHS Quit Kits ordered and Web stats unique visits, time spent on site, number of page views An different mass media approach would involve wellness educators working to encourage healthy lifestyles and well be by educating individuals and communities.They create awareness on subjects that can prevent diseases, injuries, and other health problems. Health educators examine to prevent illnesses by informing individuals and communities about health-related topics, such as straitlaced nutrition, the importance of calculate, how to avoid sexually transmitted diseases, and the habits and behaviours necessary to avoid illness. The returns of employ mass media to promote health education are that you can raise important issues and create awareness about them.Mass media is likewise a good way to get people thinking about and discussing the issues, it is also a good way of reaching a large audience and a scatter gun approach can be employ. On the other hand there are a few disadvantages of employ mass media to promote heath education, such as cost usefulness. Mass media can be very cost effective and have naughty costs such as advertising. A Scatter gun approach and it may not be as effective as a direct approach. Sometimes you cannot gravel out who the message is coming from and it is only ane way chat.You also cant see the outcomes or tell if it h as been effective for a very long time. general I suppose that the use of mass media in health procession is widely apply. It can be use locally, regionally and interacross the country. But the outcomes of some mass media campaigns are yet to be realized and to be proven as undefeated or unsuccessful. Mass media is one of the main approaches utilize in health promotion and its lack of success may be due to its oversimplification or segmented view of health and well-being.The second approach to promoting Heath Education is Community development. -The process whereby people who are marginalized or vivacious in poverty work together to identify their expects, create change, drill more influence in the decisions which affect their lives and work to mitigate the flavor of their lives, the communities in which they live, and the society of which they are part. Community development involves changing the relationships amid ordinary people and people in positions of power, so th at everyone can train part in the issues that affect their lives.It starts from the principle that within any residential district there is a wealth of knowledge and experience which, if used in creative ways, can be channeled into collective action to achieve the communities in demand(p) goals. Community development is used to promote health education because the problems can be directly targeted and hit. Community development is used to target issues such as environment issues, ho victimisation, crime, pollution, support and isolation. By improving these issues you can repair the health issues that have become a consequence, Such as smoking, alcohol, drugs, filter out, exercise and crime. See diagram belowA further approach to company development could involve a multiagency approach. The multiagency approach could involve the Government, local authorities, health trusts, the police, schools and other agencies all co-operating to achieve one outcome within a friendship. You can promote heath education by targeting an individual group such as children, new(a) people, families and the elderly. It would involve the entire agencys working together effectively, putting children, preteen people and their families at the sum total of decision making in order to meet their needs and improve their lives.An fashion model of using community development to promote health education could involve starting a group meeting in a local community centre and doing sport activities. Or the local council providing apologise health facilities for the community such as Hall Classes that could vary from oxidative sessions or keep fit sessions that could involve using the wide campaign of equipment available at all the sports centers throughout the borough. The session aims could be to develop fitness, weight control, balance, and coordination, fun and group interaction.There are many advantages of using community development to promote health education such as working to improve peoples living environment. Providing a rough-cut effort that brings the community together. It can also improve self applaud and make people have a can do place and empowers the community. It is also effective because it can be done on an effective small exfoliation. I. e. 1-1 or 1-10 and you can be given the feedback automatically. Another benefit may be that it is not cost effective because you could use resources from the mass media such as leaflets, posters or videos.On the other hand the disadvantages of using community development to promote health education are having to have a number of people that are committed for it to have an effect, and some people within the community may have a minus attitude and chance as if change is not possible. Others may face on other people to fix the issues and you may not be able to evaluate the outcomes to see the effectiveness. Another problem may be that the message may not reach everybody within the community or people may hold back on their feelings or opinions.Overall I swear that Community development is an effective way of promoting health education because it can be used within a community to target a specific area or health problem that may need attention, such as poor housing. I believe that by addressing the main problems you can also target the health problems that have become a result of this. The final approach to promoting health education is devil-way communication. -Two-way communication uses communication to negotiate with publics, resolve conflict, and promote mutual understanding.Two way communication is used to in promoting health education mainly to discuss health issues that may affect certain individuals. Two way communication involves one person having a thought and then sending that message to the person who is affected. The receiver then processes the message and gives the feedback. This circle continues until a positive outcome has been achieved. Two way communicatio n whole shebang by only addressing it to a certain individual whom it may concern such as a doctor to a patient.Its effectiveness depends on the way it is addressed to the receiver because people with different ages may need to be spoken to differently such as a young child would be spoken to in a different life of voice or manner compared to an adult. Two way communication is used to promote health and social care in many different ways. It involves basic talking and listening, this can be a very effective simple way of making a positive change. Body get out-in can also contribute to the outcomes of health promotion because if the health actor shows open, positive body language and shows interest in the feedback they are receiving.This leave show a positive attitude and may have a positive effect because the person who it concerns will feel supported. Two way communication could also be used in the form of leaflets, earn or posters detailing some basic information about the health promotion. Two way communication can also be used to promote health education presented as E-communication by using Email, Facebook and Video. An compositors case of using two way communication to promote health education could involve Voluntary constitutions promoting a health message within a school such as an anti-drugs campaign.The Public Health Agency run an anti drugs campaign called Your body, your life, your choice this campaign was acknowledged that young people had to make up their own minds about drug use. The campaign works to provide young people with accurate information on the dangers of drugs, and to influence the attitudes of young people so that they are prepared and taught not to experiment with drugs. The target audiences for this campaign are 10-13 year olds and 14-17 year olds and parents. There are many advantages of using two way communication to promote health education.An advantage of using two way communication is that it can be used on a very che ap, small scale basis such as a 1-1 or a 1-10, you can also be given direct feedback. Sensitive issues can also be discussed amid two people. I also think that it is an advantage that the target audience can be chosen to meet the specific health promotion needs, such as aiming an anti-cannabis campaign at 16-19 year olds. On the other hand I think that the disadvantages would be that it may not have the same effectiveness as the mass media approach because it is only being used on a small scale.I also feel that it is very limited at what health promotions can be used for what audience. Another disadvantage is that I feel that it would be hard to stress the delayed gratifications to the audience and I think that people would rather train the instant gratifications. Overall I think that using two way communication to promote health education is a good sentiment because it can be used on a small scale and private, sensitive issues can be discussed. I also think that it is a good eff ective way of promoting health education because the issues can be targeted and hit where it will make the biggest impact such as in schools.On the other hand I think that this way of promoting health education may not be as effective as the mass media approach because the mass media approach can reach a wider audience. Health Promoters Health promoters work to promote a positive attitude about keeping healthy, living a healthy lifestyle, preventing illness, and preventing any live illness from becoming worse. Health promotion covers many different health issues such as diet, obesity, smoking, exercise, alcohol, preventing heart disease, cervical screening, breast screening, sun and health ect.Health promoters can be found both local and nationally an example of a local health promotion is Refresh let go of leisure, Anyone who lives, works, is in full time education or whose GP suffice is in Blackburn with Darwen qualifies for free leisure. This campaign depends on the use of mas s media, two way communication and community development. An example of a national health campaign is the NHS Anti smoking campaign, this is a national campaign because it was used across the country and across Ireland and Scotland.This campaign mostly depended on the use of mass media but also used two way communication and community development to create a more effective outcome. An example of a international Health promoter is, The World Health Organization (WHO) this health promoter is the coordinating authority for health within the coupled Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, and monitoring and assessing health trends.

Children of Men Film Essay

Children of Men is a legal opinion provoking take on directed by Alfonso Cuaron which explored the possibility of apply in the face of overwhelming despair. The picture has a consternationful, chaotic mood inwardly the setting of a dystopian arena in London 2027. optic and verbal techniques such as camera techniques, diegetic and non-diegetic hygienic, and symbolism were effectively utilise across the cinema. Cuaron utilise these techniques to rise the audition that the search for self conservation demonstrates ignorance for the good of good-will. However, Even though morality is lost when the world deteriorates, hope can still be found in mankinds bleakest moments as the darkness of homoity cannot exist without the demoralize, which shows that its coming(prenominal).In a world where the deterioration of humanity has caexercisingd destruction to a high society, people tested to hold on to the last bit of hope while having to conk out in the abyss of despair. A n congressman is the diegetic sound of a news newsperson on TV in a coffee shop, reporting the sad remnant of Baby Diego. The world was stunned today by the death of Diego Ricardo. Diego Ricardo, the youngest person on the planet was 18 years, 4 months, 20 days, 16 hours and 8 minutes old. By stating Diegos age to the hold minute, the reporter emphasizes his significance as he was the youngest person alive later 18 years of infertility. Cuaron use of goods and servicesd this technique to enlarge the great heartache and devastation that the rest of the world suffers due to the tragic event. Making the ear sapidity see that the fragile fate of humanity has been dealt a shattering blow, it looks as if mankinds last flicker of hope has been extinguished along with Diegos death, and the species of human race depart perish.Another successful sound effect used by Cuaron was tinnitus. This verbal technique is a closed chain sound one hears when ears argon damaged after loud noise s, and it was used after the bomb explosion in the coffee shop. The tinnitus is sympathizing as the band sound is heard by Theo as well as the auditory sense, relating the reference to Theos experience and making them more involved in the film. This technique is symbolic as Cuaron expresses that the dull reality prevents us from hearing our surroundings, foreshadow Theos numb emotion and reaction towards the situation. Cuaron used this technique to highlight the fearful and chaotic environment, constantly reminding audience the death and despair Theo experienced. The film is very much relatable to our society as the destructed world in the film does not seem so distant from our own. Cuaron makes the audience realize that if we atomic number 18 not bursting chargeful and take care of crucial issues, it is possible that like situations in the film could become our future.The frequent use of visual techniques by Cuaron also developed the despairing environment in the film. One grammatical case is a reverse angle shot of Theo and the suicide kit rest at Jaspers house. The suicide kit was handed out by the government, showing that even the government had no intention of dealing with subsisting issues and preferred the easy way out. The white and pale blue tint of Quietus symbolizes peacefulness, showing that instead of keep living in the abyss of desperation, people would rather die to escape the corrupted world. This is appalling to the audiences as Cuaron makes them realize that life was no longer important in the gruesome society of the film. Without hope and faith for the future, the only control people had when approach despair was the option of suicide. Another example that develops the idea of despair is the use of a mid shot out of the bus to Bexhill. The mid shot shows refuges caught by immigration police locked up in cages, beaten and shot.This technique reinforces audience to see the visual allusions created by Cuaron, as the situation is p retty similar to the Nazi roundups. With the use of this visual technique, Cuaron is able to show us a world where government control has become so goodish that humanity no longer exists, and the inhuman treatments that the immigrants received were not discover or cared by British citizens. The refugees were hidden away from society and irresponsibly dealt with so the issue doesnt have to be taken care of. Cuarons purpose is for the audience to see that society tends to, and is, ignoring larger issues which pose discomfort simply because it is the easy way out. However, we all have the function to help each other out and solve existing issues inwardly the community, in order to bring right and justice to the society.There are also hopeful situations throughout the film. This can be explored by the use of non diegetic music Fragments of a requester as Kee symbolically revealed her motherliness to Theo in a barn. The music was implemented several times in the film during moment s of hope. The holy shrill voices of the song manipulates viewer to believe that there is unceasingly hope as Kee undid her clothes to show her miraculous pregnancy. Theos parley of Jesus Christ after he saw Kees breadbasket symbolically brings realization of scriptural allusion to the audience. Surrounded by sheep and cows, Kee was the connotation of gross(a) Mary. The similarities allow viewer a deeper understanding of how important Kees pregnancy was to mankind, in both cases it was the carrier of humanitys savior that was in undergoing the long journey. Cuaron also used lighting techniques to highlight the unborn vitiates representation of hope midst despair.The chiaroscuro lighting creates a light shade effect during the revelation of the baby. Darkness in the barn punctuate a patch light on Kees abdominal cavity. Her glowing belly seemed radiate shine, making it look angelic. Cuaron successfully used these techniques to tell the audience that Kees pregnancy was a brief moment of humanity allowed that existed in a world determined to tear itself apart. A further biblical reference is Theos similarities to Jesus. His character is non-violent, despite being surrounded by guns and bombs. While defending and protecting Kee, he never used or carried weapons. Theo was also consistently surrounded by animals, which are used throughout the film as indicators of goodness and trustworthiness. By using these Christianity symbols, Cuaron reveals a cagy faith in humanity in the characterization of Theo as he came to demonstrate mans best attributes, compassion, self-sacrifice and hope. Another example which develops the idea of hope is the establishing shot of Kee, the baby and Theo on the boat stupefying towards the Ship of Tomorrow to get to the Human Project.The non diegetic music of Fragments of a Prayer was again used, setting ablaze to hope as Kee was getting close-hauled to safety. When Kee questioned whether they were too late, Theo answered Trust me , theyll come back. This dialogue contrasts with his dialogue sooner in the film Why do people believe this constitute Too late the world went to shit. Cuaron used this contrast to show the change in Theo to which he was no longer numb to the highest degree the corrupted world and finally found hope and faith for the future. This provides the audience with catharsis, and it is a release from action to allow viewer to believe that everything will get better. Cuarons purpose is for the audience to understand that dread and fear can have a damaging effect on society but is also a driving force behind the brisk change needed to save our planet. We should always hope but speculate and act now because the final result is up to us.In conclusion, a variety of visual and verbal techniques were used by Cuaron throughout Children of Men. These techniques created a destructed and gloomy society which allows viewers to seek through the failure of future construction along with the bleak and brilliant of hope and humanity. Revealing how humanitys nature and glory is essential in order for human race to maintain faith and stay in a rest of compatibility. Challenging viewers to consider the effect of manmade actions on the current world and how it is shaping the future.

History of Muslim Essay

Elijah Muhammad was natural in Sandersville in Georgia in a family of 13 children. He left home at the age of 16 and went around United States. He colonised in Detroit Michigan in 1923 where he worked in an automobile f processory. He later became an advocate for freedom of smutty people, spearheaded for moody operated institutions and religion. The Moslem community established various centers for hero-worship while Mohammed established a newspaper, THE FINAL CALL OF ISLAM. During 1930s he came into contact with W. D. Fard. ho was a peddler and had already established an Islam tabernacle in Detroit.In this temple much of the features were anti white. Fard entitle Islam to the stack up religion for the African American thereby denouncing Christianity as religion for the striver masters. The teaching of this group was similar to orthodox Islam which included Sufism. Elijah Poole, together with his parents became truly inspired by the master fard teachings which they receive d. This made them establish their own Muslim schools for their children. Because they felt that education in Michigan was not adequate.Mr Muhammad stance on Islamic education was firm and the religious community continued to resist placing of Muslim children under white Christian teachers In 1934 Michigan aver education board disagreed with Muslims right to purse their own education ag destinationa and the Muslim teachers together with temple secretary were jai direct on a false charge. W. D. Fard renamed Elijah Poole to Elijah Muhamend. Elijah Mohammed then succeeded Fard of the state of matter of Islam N O I and became the supreme minister. He settled in Chicago due to hostility he got from other Muslim functions in Detroit.Elijah Muhammad built what became the best and consequential center for the movement. They owned apartments, houses, foodstuff stores and restaurants. many another(prenominal) temples were opened in other cities and farms bought to grow ritually small foo d for the members. The teaching of the people of Islam was that blacks should develop independence in economics, religion and nationhood. They had very strict rules. Where the following was prohibited drinking, smoking, gambling, physical abuse of the black women and inability to protect ones family from attacks by violent white America.Conservative uncorrupted grooming ,neat clothing were required while some kind of ain behaviors like taking drugs, listening to music, dancing were prohibited. Self improvement was advocated, end of persist hatred and separation of nationhood aspects. Elijah Mohamed was a divinely appointed prophet who changed the theological teaching of NOI which had been laid down by master Fard which proclaimed that Allah the Islam God had an earthly incarnation. In 1934 master Fard Mohamed disappeared mysteriously thus divergence behind Elijah Mohamed to lead the group.In 1942 Elijah Mohamed was arrested at Washington DC for conspiracy, sedition, and rapine of draft laws, sympathizing with Japan during macrocosm War 2 and encouraging members to be against military draft He was then jailed for four age in Milan prison house at Michigan. His teaching was seen to be black separist doctrine. This states that blacks were the headmaster people on earth but were tricked out by ovalbumin through global white supremacy. He demands freedom, equal justice, and law and disposition that would apply equally to all.Regardless of color, race and class He overly stressed on equal membership on persons to members in nine and organization of civilized society. Persecution and prosecution of the Muslim groups became life in Monroe, Los angeles, calif and Michigan. Many followers of nation of Islam were jailed for being conscientious objectors of World War 2 White owned media and white operated publishers begun to circulate anti -nation of Islam propaganda on a massive scale. In 1959 Elijah Mohamed delivered a speech where he was accorded presiden tial treatment and escort.Later political leaders begun a denouncing and film over campaign against the Nation of Islam leaders and described it as being an anti America theories. Minister Farrakhan defended Elijah Mohammed and nation of Islam against these attacks. After would war two Mr. Muhammad was released from prison and he returned to Chicago which was a central point of Nation of islam. He worked very hard and expanded Islam membership. Among the new converts were Malcolm and his family. He came to influence Malcolm x who was the leader of New York Temple an ex convict.He had came from jail where he was serving a ten division jail term for thieving . It is at this time when Nation of Islam teachings are introduced to him by a fissure inmate known as Beines. Malcom marries Betty Shabazz and preaches a doctrine of separation from the whites society. besides a pilgrimage from Mecca teaches him that Muslim religion is for all races thus he softens his strict racial stand an d breaks his free dogma on Nation of Islam. He later became very popular, speaking on governance gained grow highly on the Nation of Islam.In 1950s Mr. Mohammad promoted Malcolm x to the federal agency of national spokes man and begun to write weekly newspaper column empower Mr. Mohamed speaks which was A news paper for the blacks. The membership of the Nation of the Islam grew tremendously. Nation of Islam got a big brow when rumors went on about Elijah Mohammed had sex with various younker Nation of Islam women who were working for him, whom he had gotten children with. The leakage and discovery of this information led to Malcolm being driven out of Nation of Islam.Although this was part of United States politics and counterintelligence plot to supplant the movement. Another reason of the split was a newsmonger by Malcolm on assassination of John F. Kennedy which so Mohammed to suspend him from the society. in brief Malcolm X founded his own movement on religious and polit ical reasons which was much Orthodox than Islam. Later he was assassinated on February 1965. The alternative in addition change the philosophy of the Nation of Islam is the destruction of the organization.This might be cultivated through generating factions among contenders for Elijah Mohammed leadership or through legal handles to probate woo on his goal. therefrom Chicago should organize on how to generate the factionalism to destroy the Nation of Islam by splinting it into several functional groups. The United States government was accuse of playing a big role in 1965 assassination against Malcolm and exploitation secret police to meddle about with the affairs of the Nation of Islam and the black America. After the assassination the New York mosque was bombed.Mr, Mohamed sent minster Louis Farrakhan to New York City to address over the mosque there and begin the rebuilding commission. Later the following year he promoted him the post of national representative. During th e late 1960s the greatly developing Muslim movement extended itself to more than sixty cities and settlement oversea in Ghana Mexico and Caribbean. A host of African government and Islamic government all over the world received Mr. Elijah Mohamed and donated generously towards his mission and effort. He went on HAJJ visits to Mecca the holy pilgrimage and pillar of Islam on many occasions during his life time.In addition to spread of Islam honorable Elijah Mohammed is credited for his contribution of an economically viable empire and his development programme. chthonic his leadership the nation of Islam showed signs of progress with the establishment of farms, export and import businesses, aviation, wellness care, administration offices, shipping on land, sea and air and his plans to start a modern university campus in Chicago. In 1975 he introduced mi minister Louis Farrakhan as his helper when they officiated the opening a multi- million dollar mosque and school.After the death of Elijah Mohamed 1975 Warith Deen Mohamed son to Elijah took over leadership and changed Nation of Islam membership allowing white members. Thus causing a major split in the organization collectible to his drift from the black nationalists the splinter group under Warith changed its name to Muslim American Society. The other was lead by Louis Farrakhan who happened to be Elijahs assistant. Things took other dimension later when Malcolms window accused Louis of her husband murder.Many members of the nation were disturbed at the movements new unemotional direction and withdrew to form more traditionalist splinter groups. The most important of them retained the old names . the Nation of Islam and was led by Louis Farrakhan born Louis Eugene walcort of British west Indian parents of 1934. Farrakhan generary retained Elijah Mohammed ideas and practices including the strict behavior rules. He achieved prominence when he became a major adviser to Jesse Jackson during the latter(prenom inal) presidential campaign in 1984 ConclusionAlthough the nation of Islam does not in brief advocate for violence by its members the group preaches hatred of white race and racial separations. The membership of Nation of Islam is organized and poses areal threat. The Nation of Islam is answerable for the largest Black Nationalist newspaper which has been used by black extremists. It appears to be personal fiefdom of Elijah Muhammad . When he dies a power struggle emanates while Nation of Islam changes direction. While change in philosophy is seen and government intervention is seen to act as bureaucratic deletion destroy and reduce the activities of the group.

Religious Education S.B.A. Essay

What is Diwali?The name Diwali is a contraction of Deepavali this is likewise actor The Festival of Lights or Row of Lamps. This is one of the most important festivals in Hinduism and marks the attainment of moksha .Diwali falls on one novel moon on right between Mid-October and Mid-November, it is celebrated for five (5) days according to the Hindu calendar. This is believed that the time of transition from darkness to light-the light that empowers them to commit themselves to skillful kit and caboodle which brings them closer to divinity.Why is the festival celebrated?This festival is to show how ripe(p) a triumph over immoral and it marks the end of reap season in most of India. This is also a time for new endeavors, and umpteen people clean their situations and open their windows and doors cause it gives them deal and good fortune during Diwali. This is also has legend within its origin, Prince Rama wife was kidnapped by a ten-headed demon and with the help of Hanuman (Monkey god), Prince Rama rescues his wife and on their way home the people of the village light rows of lamps which guided Rama and Sita back from the forest of Ayodhya. Diwali Celebrates the rescue of Rama and Sita, Rama was Crowned King.Describe the rituals that take place in Diwali?It is conventional to do a spring house cleaning to welcome the Goddesses Lakshmi into their home. In the evenings many Hindus hold prayer in their homes (puja), people decorate their homes with diyas surrounding the house, and the lights atomic number 18 left burning all night so that when Lakshmi may smell welcomed when entered. Firecrackers are burst in order to drive away the evil spirits, during Diwali the occupants wear new clothes and share sweets and other snacks among family, friends and the adoring public.They also draw patterns on the floor with a mixture of rice, flour and urine and this is called Rangoli. Also whosoever gambled on this day would prosper throughout the ensuring year. They also veer a certain greeting to each other Shubh Deepavali which is a traditional greeting which means have an auspicious Diwali. Identify the God or Goddesses associated in Diwali?Diwali is held in honor of the goddesses Lakshmi, she is the goddesses of wealth and prosperity. They pray to her to give them luck in the following year and they honor lord Ganesh the symbol of propitiousness and wisdom that brings them good fortune throughout the year.

Counseling

Hello in that location My let on is kind Benedicts Running or in short you goat call me Clement. Clement comes from Latin, which I amaze made sure of straight off from my parents, and has the meaning of mild, good, and merciful. Benedicts comes from Benedict and has a context of universe blessed. Whilst Running is my family disclose. In the sense of being Curious of where my name came from or plane judgment of by my parents, I asked my mother once on why she named me Clement Benedicts.My oldest sisters name is Calamine Beatrice, the second being Scholars Benedicts, and hush, to make It rhyme, my mom supposition of the name Clement Benedicts. And yes, all of us have the Initial of CB, which Is real adorable. My base country Is In Ind matchlesssia, an archipelago In south east of Asia. The one issue Im In sack out with my home country Is Its traditional fodder the change and variety of the taste reminded me of what home Is like. Rending, one of Indonesian traditional f ood, was even voted and declared as the best food In the globe correspond to Conns pick of delicious food.Indonesia, in my opinion, is the best place for a luminary travel the exoticness of street food will opinionatedly blow your mind onward. The one thing I also love about my home is country is that it is the place where my families are being away thousands of miles from my family has jolted me that family is everything and I should always treasure it wherever I am. I chose foothill because of my friends recommendation. He said that the school is located in the foot of a mountain and makes it really cozy for him to study.In love with the weather of mountains, I decided that foothill should be the best place to examine my study. Im majoring at business electric pig right now because I like to study how corporations or firms do their things and how they circulate the economy. I want to transfer to University of Michigan, Ann Arbor to study both business or economy the reason is that my sister is also in that location and Eve read that Ann Arbor is one of the best places to be a student which Im planning to go there for my winter break.I dont really have a dream Job right now, but I do have a dream, that is to travel all ever the world and make love everything I see while meeting a lot of pack from different countries and also different cultures. Counseling By Clement-Running the sense of being curious of where my name came from or even thought of by my oldest sisters name is Calamine Beatrice, the second being Classics Benedicts, and thus, to make it rhyme, my mom thought of the name Clement Benedicts. And yes, all of us have the initial of CB, which is really adorable.My home country is in Indonesia, an archipelago in south east of Asia. The one thing Im in love with my home country is its traditional food the diversity and variety of the taste reminded me of what home is like. Rending, one of Indonesian traditional food, was even voted and declare d as the best food in the world according culinary travel the exoticness of street food will unimpeachably blow your mind away. The families are being away thousands of miles from my family has Jolted me that family I dont really have a dream Job right now, but I do have a dream, that is to travel all

Game theory Essay

plot of land hypothesis is a broad field of study that involves examining ship female genital organal in which st pass judgmentgical decisions atomic number 18 derived. The study is applied in atomic number 18as where st posegic interactions among shrewd players produce endpoints with respect to the preferences of those players (Fudenberg & axerophthol Tirole 1991). Game possibility is a severalise of applied mathematics that is mostly utilise in the well-disposed sciences short letters standardized, scotchs, psychology, political science, and philosophy.The theory is withal utilize in former(a)(a)wise(a) field like, biology, engineering, political science, international relations and computer science. Game theory target be classified as non-cooperative (or strategic) blues and co-operative (or coalitional) peppys (Fernandez & Bierman 1998). Non-cooperative pluckys argon involved with how take-headed individuals interact with cardinal a nonher in an eff ort to achieve their progeny in goals. Co-operative enliveneds be where players co-operate in their lams (strategies) to achieve the desired commonplace goals.Strategic-form or convention form games and extensive form games. Strategic form games atomic number 18 games where actions by players are taken simultaneously and tell of the play is irrelevant to the games emergence. Extensive form games are games where actions are taken by the players in a sequence and order of play is relevant to a games outcome. They are usually presented in a steer diagram. Symmetric and Asymmetric games Asymmetric games are where the numbers for playing a position crusade depend unaccompanied on the other players strategies.Symmetric game is where identities of the players toilet be veerd without changing the endureoff to the strategies. Zero- center games and non-zero sum games Zero-sum games are where the total benefits to all players add up to zero (Camerer 2003). In non-zero sum ga mes, the total benefits do not necessarily adds up to zero. distinct and continuous games discrete games bring forth finite number of players, moves, events and outcomes. Continuous games build infinite numbers.The basic elements of game theory are an agent (an entity with preferences/options), game (All situations in which at least champion agent can only act to maximize his utility through anticipating responses to his actions by hotshot or more other agents), utility (amount of benefits/welfare an agent derives from occurrence of an event), payoff (an ordinal utility number arrogate to a player at event of a certain outcome), outcome (an assignment of a tick of payoffs, one to each(prenominal) player in the game), strategy (players course of study on which action to take to achieved his/her desired payoff) and trees and matrices (ways of representing games that is establish on order of play) (Fernandez & Bierman 1998). Game theory is based on the following assumptions Players in a game are able to reconstruct their own preferences i. e. they are free agents.Players are economically rational and they can, assess outcomes, calculate paths to outcomes and exact actions that they think allow for yield their preferred outcomes. Agents purpose is to maximize their utility. Game outcome depends on the actions taken by the players (Camerer 2003). Game theory has been used to explain in different fields to explain varied phenomena. In economics, game theory has been employed to explain business behaviors and economic conditions. scotch theories have embraced game theory in explaining and exhibiting certain economic behaviors. Economists have used other related theories in trying to scan rational interaction of strategic economic decisions that are made by battalion.These theories are closely linked to game theory and they include, decision theory, general sense of equilibrium theory and mechanism design theory. Decision theory is a game theory of a single player a winst nature that focuses on preferences and the composition of beliefs (Fernandez & Bierman 1998). The theory is used to demonstrate how best to acquire selective study before making a decision. Equilibrium theory is a branch of game theory that deals with trade and production and mostly with where there are relatively large number of individual consumers and producers (Fudenberg & Tirole 1991). It is widely used in the macroeconomic analysis of broad based economic policies like monetary and fiscal policies, stock commercializes analysis, interest and exchange rates studies. appliance design theory is built on game theory plainly have special focus on the consequences of different types of rules (strategies). Example of a game theory is bell game used by companies in a duopolistic grocery to change magnitude their foodstuff assign. In a duopoly grocery store place, both firms control the market and they use factors like harms, quality product s and services, processions, branding and promotion to compete everyplace the market allocate (Samuelson 2008). When market tract of one order increases, the other companys character decreases. Firms in sectors that sells self-coloured products (e. g. energy sector), uses determine strategy to win increase their market share.pickings example of ii anele companies in a duopolistic market in current oil expenditure surge, the companies are faced with problem of adjusting their determines upwardly since this go forth adversely tinct the demand of their oil products and thus restrict their revenues. Increase in crude oil damages has been experienced in the world, and oil and petroleum companies have to increase their retail nurtures upwards to satisfyingize allowance from their venture. Companies likewise have objective of change magnitude the volume of their sales, by increasing the market share of their products. Since petroleum companies trades homogeneous prod ucts, the main marketing weapon to increase their market share is monetary value. For ii companies in a duopoly market, if one company increases its prices, and other maintains or even crucifys, the former loses market share to the latter.Both companies face the following possibilities from their moves reduction of market share of their products and thence their future revenues and profit or reduction in their profit border or waiver and hence shrink of their financial performance and appendage in the future. Therefore each of the firms is faced with dilemma of which move to take in this situation of sharp increase in their raw materials. The two firms have the following strategic problem to ensure profitability of their companies amid laid-back cost of their sales, and pressure to maintain their prices at competitive price over their rivals in order to increase demand of their products.These are conflicting goals that focussing of each company must resolve by making strate gic price decisions. Pricing strategies for the two firms are either to increase the price that would results to increase in revenue and retain its market share, reduce price which results to increase in market share of its products or maintain the price (Ibid 2008). to each one company want to maximize its utility in the pricing moves i. e. to select a move that go out see its market share maintained or increased and also ensure profitability of the company. Each strategy that the companies may take have implications on the other i. e. move by one firm affects the other firm.Example, in case of one firm decreasing its prices, this go forth affects negatively market share of the other as the demand of the former companys product increases. Therefore, each company is expected to take choice that leaveing result to its favor. Since the two firms are competing for success in their business, there is no cooperation expected period making this very important pricing choice. However , both firm beingness the only supplier in the market, they can cooperate and set their price mutually in a way that will ensure that no company will lose out to the other. Such arrangements are common in oligopolistic markets, where producers when faced by price pressure mutually check out to set their prices at the same level that will maintain the market share levels.In this game, each player (company) prefers to increase its market share over the other over maintaining the current market share. Therefore, they are victorious conflicting moves to win over the other. The information about the available strategic choices is available to both firms. Both firms also know the current market share of their products and prices of the rival group. Each company has information about the strengths of the other company and knows how much they can support low prices in the price wars. They also know that the cost of crude oil has increased in the world market and that price was the tool t o increase their revenues and growth. The only information both companies do not have is which choice their rival make and when.Companies will not make price changes at the same term therefore the company that will make price changes after(prenominal) the other will have advantage over the other as it has front information that is very important in making the pricing decisions. This game is an extensive game and the moves are in a sequence order. Therefore, time of their moves is very important as it will give the second company advantage to make a well informed move. exploitation a hypothetical case, we take example of one company making early move and then the other follows. Using the game tool we can get the possible outcomes and solutions in an economic situation like ours. The payoffs assigned to each possible result indicate situations where a company can benefit (high payoffs) or lose out to the other competing company (low payoffs).Using a hypothetical example of oil companies BP Inc and chew out Plc as companies that operates in a monopolistic market, we can examine outcomes of pricing moves made by the two companies. The game can be used to give solutions to the price problem in a tight monopolisic market. The pricing game is based on the following assumptions both BP Inc and Shell Plc are rational entities and in their moves their objectives are to increase their market share. Both firms make a straight move on pricing that take extensive form (Fudenberg & Tirole 1991). Shell Plc makes their decision after the BP Inc makes their pricing move. There is perfect market information symmetry (all company has all market information). separate factors that affect influence market share of the companies are constant. Strategies employed are price increment, price reduction or maintaining the price level. Payoffs (utility functions) for the moves are assigned as Company that increases its market share over the other gets 5, company that sleddin ges its market share to the other gets -5. The payoffs represent the companies gain or loss in market share. The range for payoff is from -5 to 5, with both the lowest and the highest value representing the highest gain and the highest loss. The medium values represent an outcome of moderate change in the market share of the companies. The game can be be in a tree diagram as follows BP IncP Pv P Shell P Pv P P Pv P P Pv P (0, 0) (-5, 5) (-2, 4) (5, -5) (3, 3) (4, 2) (4, 0) (2, 4) (2, 2) If BP Inc increases its prices ( P) due to increased world crude oil prices, and face Plc increases (P) too the outcome will be (0, 0) i. e. their market share would not change but their sales may reduce due to lessen demand. If Shell Plc reduces (Pv) the prices after BP Inc has increased its prices, the pay offs are (-5, 5) i. e. BP Inc will loss its market share at a rate that is same as one Shell Plc will increase its market share.In the scenario that BP Inc will arouse its prices and Shell ma intains its prices (P), the payoffs are (-2, 4) i. e. market share for BP will reduce (Pv) but at low rate compared to Shell increment rate will be. On the other hand, if BP Inc reduces its prices first and then Shell raises its prices, the outcome will be (5, -5) i. e. market share for BP will increase at a rate thats same as the one Shell Plc will lose its share. If both firms reduces their prices, the payoff is going to be (3, 3) i. e. their market share will not change but their sales will be better (higher revenue than if prices are higher). However, if BP reduces its prices but Shell maintains its price, the pay off will be (4, 2) i. e.BPs market share will increase comparatively higher than Shells. In the last scenario, in case BP maintains its price level but Shell Plc increases its price the outcome payoff will be (4, 0) i. e. BPs share will increase over Shells at relatively higher rate. barely if BP maintains its prices and Shell reduces its prices, the pay off will be ( 2, 4) i. e. Shell Plc will increase its market share at a higher rate than BP Inc. In the last possible scenario, if both BP and Shell maintains their prices, the payoff will be (2, 2) i. e. there is not going to be changes in the market share, though both firms will have higher sales than if they raise their prices.The game theory provides the solution that the second (shell) should take a move to reduce its price, if BP increases as it will greatly increase its market share. in like manner it can get increased market share and profit if it maintains its prices, after BP increases its prices. To the company that makes the first move, the best solution is to maintain the price level as it will have higher payoffs without risking the move by the Shell. These options are the only one that will increase their market share and juicy growth. The price game theory can be used to understand economic changes in duopolistic markets. The game can be used in making strategic pricing and mark eting decisions.The approach is important to economic theorists in describing the economic rationale that relates to commodity prices, demand and supply dynamics (Guala 2005). Despite the usefulness of game theory, there are near challenges to this theory. The assumptions on which the theory is based sometimes do not hold (Fernandez & Bierman 1998). Game theorist assumption that players always act in a way to directly maximize their utility sometimes is violated by human behaviors i. e. in practice, human behavior often deviates from this model. This is because of the following factors that subscribe to to be considered irrationality, new models of deliberation, and different motives ().In real life some people tend to serve irrationally in a situation where they are ideally expected to respond rationally. Also different people are motivated by different things and thus tend to respond differently in the same situation. To this end some theorists take game theory as tool for s uggesting how people should respond but not as a tool to predict human behaviors and that game theory is used to explain strategic reasoning rather than strategic behaviors. Other limitations of the theory are based on the assumptions that prices changes are the only factors that will affect the demand of the oil products and consequently the market share. In real life there are rational factors that affect the market share of a product or a company.Quality of products and services, brand strength, promotions and other marketing strategies influences the demand of a product and its market share. Companies may also be motivated by other factors other than increasing market share when making pricing decisions. The theory also does not assign specific values to specify to what percentage a company gain or lose the market share. Since its an economic analysis it should give outcomes that can be easily understood and that make economic sense. However, the theory is very important in givi ng the general description of how individuals are expected to respond given a certain economic conditions.In the economic field the theory has been instrumental in explaining behaviors of firms and individuals producers and consumers. The theory is also very important in understanding how strategic decisions relate. Reference Camerer, C. (2003). behavioural Game Theory Experiments in Strategic Interaction. Princeton Princeton University Press Fernandez, L F. Bierman, H S. (1998), Game Theory with scotch Applications, Addison-Wesley Fudenberg, D. , and Tirole, J. (1991). Game Theory. Cambridge, MA MIT Press Guala, F. (2005). The methodology of Experimental Economics. Cambridge Cambridge University Press Samuelson, L. (2005). Economic Theory and Experimental Economics. Journal of Economic Literature 4365-107.

Golden Oaks Rehabilitation Center

Margie Wilson, a 95 year old woman and patient at aureate Oaks Rehabilitation Center located on the grounds of Marion General Hospital, is dealing with some difficult times after losing her son, Williams, this recent week. Within the past five years, she has also had to deal with the passing of her husband of 68 years, Earl, and other son who died in a motor vehicle accident, Jacob. Margie is having a very difficult time fetching this wholly in and is not thought alone. She has write out to the conclusion that she no longer wants to live her life alone.She wants to oddment her life and is betokening that the one thing thats keeping her alive, her pacer, be disconnected. cardinal years ago Margie suffered a heart attack that almost took her life, which resulted in her having the electronic pacemaker implanted. The pacemaker keeps Margies heart rhythm at 100% pace, which is what keeps her alive. With all her family gone, she has no desire to live eachmore and is prayering that her pacemaker be removed(p) so that she can be reunited with her family.Margie has spoken with Cindy Macklin, the treat Home Administrator, and has told her what she would like to happen. She has pass that Cindy call Dr. Vigay, who is the cardiologist surgeon who primitively implanted the pacemaker. Dr. Vigay was stunned because in the 20 years of his practice he has never had a request from his patents. He has pretty much declined her request and has asked that she give up time to get her past her current state of theme and back to regulation. Margie is now extremely upset and determined and is now requesting to settle the Golden Oaks social worker, Jane Robison, MSW.Jane meets with Margie for more than an hour discussing and exploring all her options. In this case, on that point are object lessons and conflicts involved. There are certain ethical, moral and lawful conflicts that need to be determined. Morals are beliefs and values that conform to normal standards o f what is right and wrong and deal with peoples habits of conduct (www. ehow. com). The moral principles of moral philosophy that are involved include Beneficence doing good, demonstrating kindness, showing compassion, and lot others Nonmaleficence avoiding the infliction of harmJustice the duty to be fair in the distribution of benefits and risks indecorum recognizing an individuals right to make his or her own decisivenesss The morals that are in conflict are nonmaleficence, justice and autonomy. The top precedency of the doctors, nurses, social worker, and ethics commissioning is to make sure that nonmaleficence is not beingness implemented while considering Margies right to make her own decision about wanting to live and the risks and benefits that could go along with Margies request to remove her pacemaker. The quandary here consists of Margie wanting her doctor to assist with taking her life by removing her pacemaker.Margie has lost her desire to live because of the loss of her family and wants to be with them. There are several ethical theories that play apart in this dilemma. Normative Ethics the attempt to determine what moral standards should be followed so that human behavior and conduct are morally right (Pozgar, p 369). Consequential Ethics emphasizing that the morally right action is some(prenominal) action leads to the maximum balance of good over evil (Pozgar, p. 369). utilitarian Ethics doing the greatest good for the most people (Pozgar, p. 370).Deontologic Ethics stress on ones duties to others and others rights including telling the truth and keeping your promises (Pozgar, p. 371). As the ethics committee chairman, we do agree that there is a dilemma here. We are all on the same accord and have been informed with all the information about the case. Dr. Vigay, Jane Robison, Cindy Macklin, and I have all come together and presented all the information and facts that we know about the dilemma to the members of the committee to ensure that no one was left out about any details of this dilemma.Dr. Vigay informed the committee that removing Margies pacemaker would violate the ethics principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. If he followed through with Margies request, he would be going against serving others, avoiding or causing harm to patients, and disregarding the benefits and risks of Margie by performing the requested actions. Jane Robison has expressed that doing what Margie has requested would not be good for Margie nor her profession cod to the ethics standards that are withheld for all the patients.She believes that with time Margie will have a change of heart and appreciate her life being spared. Cindy Macklin is in capital of New Hampshire with everyone else in not assisting Margie with taking her life due to overwhelming mountain she has faced within the past few years. Therefore, after all the recommendations and suggestions from all involved and the members of the ethics comm ittee, Margies request to have her pacemaker removed has been denied due to the all the ethical standards and the fact that it is not right to allow or assist anyone in taking their own life.